Why lost dopamine neurons do not return
In Parkinson's, dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra die off gradually, and tremor, rigidity and slowness appear only after substantial loss. Standard therapy such as levodopa controls symptoms well but does not halt the underlying degeneration.
Targeting the neuronal environment
Cell research instead tries to change the environment around neurons: dialling down overactive microglia, reducing oxidative stress and adding neurotrophic support. That is why trials measure clinical scales such as UPDRS alongside long follow-up windows.
Three questions before deciding
For Thai families the blunt advice is to expect no cure and to always ask three things: what research stage the product is at, what outcome measure is used, and what follow-up is planned. This disease group attracts the most overstated marketing.