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The 5 stages of CKD: where kidney regeneration is still realistic and where it is not

Reading your eGFR before making any cell therapy decision

Quick answer

CKD is staged by eGFR from stage 1 (90 or above) to stage 5 (below 15, usually requiring dialysis or transplant). Regenerative approaches are most plausible while functioning nephrons remain — broadly stages 2 to 4. At stage 5 the goal shifts to quality of life and renal replacement therapy.

Key facts

Stage 1
eGFR 90+ with other kidney damage
Stage 2
eGFR 60-89
Stage 3
eGFR 30-59
Stage 4
eGFR 15-29
Stage 5
eGFR under 15, usually renal replacement

eGFR estimates the kidney's filtration rate from creatinine, age and sex, and roughly indicates what percentage of function remains. Knowing your stage matters far more than any advertisement, because every option targets a distinct group of patients.

Stages 1 and 2 are where controlling the cause pays off most: managing diabetes and blood pressure, stopping NSAIDs and cutting sodium. Many patients hold their numbers steady for decades without anything exotic.

Stages 3 and 4 are when patients start seeking additional options, because eGFR keeps sliding despite full medication. This is the group cell therapy research targets — as an adjunct, never a replacement, and with no guaranteed outcome.

At stage 5, or on dialysis, be wary of any offer implying you can stop dialysis. No evidence supports that claim. Focus instead on dialysis adequacy, nutrition, phosphate control and transplant planning if you qualify.

Frequently asked questions

  • Should a small eGFR drop worry me?

    One value says little. Look at the trend across two or three tests three months apart, since dehydration and some drugs move the number.

  • Can stage 3 still improve?

    Stabilising or slowing the decline is realistic. A full return to normal is very rare once fibrosis is established.

  • How important is proteinuria?

    Very. A high UACR signals faster progression and tracks treatment response better than eGFR over short periods.

  • How often should I test?

    Stages 1-2 usually once or twice a year; stages 3-4 every three to six months, adjusted to how fast values are moving.

  • Is cell therapy considered at stage 5?

    Generally not the main research population, and it must never replace dialysis or transplantation.

Medical cautions

5 points • reviewed 2026-09-02

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  • This article is educational information only — not a diagnosis, prescription, or personal medical advice.
  • Outcomes vary by person, depending on age, underlying conditions, current medication, and the treating doctor's technique.
  • Consult a licensed physician and verify the clinic's licence before deciding on any treatment.
  • Some treatments (certain stem cell therapies in particular) are regulated differently by country — check Thai and Korean rules before travelling.
  • Prices, packages, and service details can change — confirm directly with the provider before paying.

Reviewed and last updated: 2026-09-02

References and sources

5 sources • every claim is traceable

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  1. 1. Original article on khunkim.com (pre-migration)

    https://www.ehlbio.co.kr

  2. 2. Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS)

    https://www.mfds.go.kr/eng/index.do

  3. 3. Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)

    https://www.mohw.go.kr/eng/

  4. 4. PubMed medical research database (NIH)

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

  5. 5. Medical Korea — official info for international patients (KHIDI)

    https://www.medicalkorea.or.kr/

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Last updated: 2026-09-02 · This content is for information only and is not medical advice. Consult a qualified doctor before making treatment decisions.

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