Autoimmune beta-cell loss versus insulin resistance
Quick answer
Type 1 diabetes is autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells; type 2 combines insulin resistance with declining beta-cell function. The cell therapy goals differ accordingly: immune modulation and protection of residual beta cells in type 1, versus lowering inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity in type 2.
In type 1 the decisive question is whether beta cells remain. Newly diagnosed patients with detectable C-peptide are the group research focuses on, because there is still something to protect rather than rebuild from zero.
In type 2, low-grade inflammation from visceral fat drives insulin resistance. The MSC rationale is to reduce those inflammatory signals, which may show up as a modest HbA1c improvement and lower medication needs in some patients.
It must be said plainly: no cell therapy lets a type 1 patient safely stop insulin. Self-discontinuation risks diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening emergency.
There is no evidence of cure; the current goal is better disease control.
HbA1c, C-peptide, kidney function and screening for eye, foot and cardiac complications.
Last updated: 2026-08-28 · This content is for information only and is not medical advice. Consult a qualified doctor before making treatment decisions.
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